2025 Big Beautiful Bill outlines several policy changes that could significantly impact business operations in year 2025 and 2026. Business owners should consider the following opportunities and challenges:

The "2025 Big Beautiful Bill" (H.R. 1 of the 119th Congress) contains sweeping changes that could significantly affect business operations in 2025 and 2026. Based on the full table of contents and excerpts, here are five key policy areas with direct implications for businesses:

1. Tax Policy Overhaul (Title VII – Finance)

Business Expensing: Full expensing of certain property and R&D expenditures (Secs. 70301–70302) will incentivize capital investment.
Pass-through Entities & Small Business: Enhanced deductions for qualified business income and expanded small business stock exclusions (Sec. 70431) lower tax burdens for many entrepreneurs.
Charitable Contributions & Opportunity Zones: Restores and permanently enhances deductions for individual and corporate donations (Secs. 70424–70426), plus increases funding for community development via Opportunity Zones and New Markets Tax Credits.
Impact: Businesses may see reduced taxes and greater incentive to invest in equipment, workforce, and low-income communities.

2. Energy, Environment, and Manufacturing Deregulation (Titles V–VI)

Repeal of Green Incentives: Termination of EV credits, energy-efficient building deductions, clean hydrogen production credits, and others (Secs. 70501–70515).
America-First Energy Policies: Support for fossil fuel leasing, offshore drilling, coal mining, and domestic energy infrastructure (Secs. 50101–50405).
Impact: Manufacturers, logistics companies, and energy-intensive industries may benefit from reduced environmental compliance costs, though clean energy sectors may face setbacks.

3. Changes to SNAP and Medicaid Eligibility (Title I & Title VII)

SNAP Work Requirements Expanded: More stringent criteria for able-bodied adults and limitations on SNAP benefits for internet or utility expenses (Secs. 10102–10104).
Medicaid Enrollment Audits: Enhanced scrutiny, cost-sharing mandates, and work requirements (Sec. 71119).
Impact: Service and retail employers may face workforce availability issues as low-income workers lose access to public benefits.

4. Defense and Infrastructure Spending Surge (Title II & Title IV)

Massive DOD Investment: Over $50 billion allocated to shipbuilding, munitions, cybersecurity, unmanned systems, AI-enabled weapons, and Indo-Pacific capabilities.
Air Traffic and Space: FAA modernization ($13B+), space mission appropriations ($10B), and commercial launch fees (Sec. 40004–40005).
Impact: Defense contractors, aerospace, construction, and logistics firms could see increased demand. Civil contractors may benefit from spaceport, airfield, and AI/security projects.

5. Federal Regulation and Oversight Changes

Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (CFPB): Budget cap halved from $12B to $6.5B (Sec. 30001).
SEC Reserve Fund Repealed: Unobligated funds redirected to Treasury (Sec. 30003).
Healthcare and Student Loan Reforms: Shift toward personal accountability, tighter limits on benefits, and reduced public spending on student loans and green healthcare tech.

• Impact: Less regulatory scrutiny and funding for consumer protection may reduce compliance burdens, but could increase risk and consumer litigation.